Study the pathological features of diseASes using induced pluripotent stem cells derived form patient's somatic cells
The limited experimental access to diseASe-affected human tissues hAS severely impeded the elucidating of molecular mechanisms underlying diseASe development. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by over-expression of defined transcription factors in somatic cells, in particular in those from patient somatic cells, presents an attractive and promising approach to model the early stages of diseASes in vitro and to screen novel biomarkers AS well AS therapeutic medicines. Recently, many research groups have independently reported that patient-specific iPSC-derived cells recapitulated multiple features of pathological events of a particular diseASe, offering experimental evidence of utilizing patient-specific iPSCs to model diseASes and reevaluate the current therapies. We have derived iPSC lines using somatic cells of patients suffering from Klinefelter's Syndrome (KS) and Alzheimer's DiseASe (AD) and explored the possibility to use these iPSC lines to recapitulate the pathological features of the diseASes. Our results show that patient's specific iPSC lines provide good opportunity to study the development and treatment of diseASes.
Study the pathological features of diseASes using induced pluripotent stem cells derived form patient's somatic cells
The limited experimental access to diseASe-affected human tissues hAS severely impeded the elucidating of molecular mechanisms underlying diseASe development. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by over-expression of defined transcription factors in somatic cells, in particular in those from patient somatic cells, presents an attractive and promising approach to model the early stages of diseASes in vitro and to screen novel biomarkers AS well AS therapeutic medicines. Recently, many research groups have independently reported that patient-specific iPSC-derived cells recapitulated multiple features of pathological events of a particular diseASe, offering experimental evidence of utilizing patient-specific iPSCs to model diseASes and reevaluate the current therapies. We have derived iPSC lines using somatic cells of patients suffering from Klinefelter's Syndrome (KS) and Alzheimer's DiseASe (AD) and explored the possibility to use these iPSC lines to recapitulate the pathological features of the diseASes. Our results show that patient's specific iPSC lines provide good opportunity to study the development and treatment of diseASes.
Targets-bASed therapy for leukemia: opportunity and challenge
优点主要为：能增强患者的免疫力，防止肿瘤的转移和复发，对病人机体的损伤小。 在我国，现在普遍开展的树突状细胞（DC）和细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞（CIK）的生物疗法被广泛应用。
Erich Gnaiger：Life Style and Mitochondrial Competence – Modern Drugs for T2 Diabetes in Aging and Degenerative DiseASes.
D. Swarovski Research Laboratory (Mitochondrial Physiology), Dept. General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University; and OROBOROS INSTRUMENTS, Innsbruck, Austria. - Email: erich.gnaiger@oroboros.at
The contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction to the etiology of T2 diabetes and a range of preventable metabolic diseASes is the subject of intensive current research with world-wide health implications.
Recently these investigations gained depth and scope by technological advances for diagnosis of mitochondrial function by comprehensive OXPHOS analysis using high-resolution respirometry [1,2]. Fundamental questions of a causal relationship, however, between compromised mitochondrial function and development of T2 diabetes remain to be resolved [3,4] to optimize prevention and treatment of insulin resistance.
For preventable diseASes such AS T2 diabetes, the evolutionary background of mitochondrial competence provides a solid bASis for improved and broad application of a well established modern drug, mtLSD.
Post-industrial societies are characterized by a high-energy input lifestyle with diminished physical activity and high incidence of non-transmittable diseASes, in comparison to human populations where physical work is essentially important for sustaining life and in which degenerative diseASes (T2 diabetes, various cancers, Alzheimer's) are essentially absent [5]. The capacity of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is increASed or maintained high by a life style involving endurance exercise and strength training [6].
Life style changes from the age of 20-30 years to the elderly, but is subject to change and intervention. Depending on group selection in cross-sectional studies, OXPHOS capacity declines from the age of 20-30 years [7,8], or is independent of age up to 80 years [9,10].
Independent of age, there is a strong decline of OXPHOS capacity in human vAStus lateralis from BMI of 20 to 30 [1]. At a BMI >30, a threshold OXPHOS capacity is reached in human v. lateralis that may be characteristic of a low-grade inflammatory state (‘mitochondrial fever’).
Onset of degenerative diseASes (T2 diabetes, neuromuscular degeneration, various cancers) and mitochondrial dysfunction interact in an amplification loop progressing slowly with age, such that cause and effect of mitochondrial dysfunction cannot be distinguished. Diminished antioxidant capacity at low mitochondrial density is an important mechanistic candidate in the state of mitochondrial fever.
For implementing a life style supporting mitochondrial competence and preventing degenerative diseASes in modern societies, we need (1) extended research programmes focused on the causative link between mitochondrial competence and effective prevention of degenerative diseASes, (2) educational programmes on mitochondrial physiology targeted at general practitioners, teachers and the society at large, (3) cooperation of health care and insurance organizations to support preventive life style activities, and (4) do not miss any opportunity in taking the lead in living the mtLife Style Drug (mtLSD).
ACD RNAScope®原位定量技术在精准医疗研究中的应用
RNAScope®原位定量专利技术由美国新兴的分子病理领导者ACD公司(Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Inc., California, USA)开发，通过专利的双“Z”探针设计，使RNA原位杂交具有高度特异性、单分子检测的敏感性并有极高的信噪比，能够在单细胞水平同时定量多个RNA的表达，在获得单细胞中单拷贝RNA表达数据的同时提供完整的组织形态学信息，提高对疾病与标志物之间复杂的生物学相关性的认识，是理想的能够用于NGS和芯片技术后期转化研究技术平台。
自2011年技术推广以来,其应用已在如Nature、Science、NEJM等国际顶级期刊发表超过300篇SCI论文。研究涵盖了感染及免疫、肿瘤、神经生物学、干细胞及发育、非编码RNA、表观遗传学等基础医学领域，以及靶标鉴别和验证、临床前安全性评价和药效评估等药物开发研究。
本课程详细介绍RNAScope®技术的基本原理，技术特点以及在肿瘤、非编码RNA、病毒及免疫等研究领域的应用实例。由于课程内容全英文，更多中文资料与信息请访问ACD中国官方微信号（ACD_China）或发送邮件info_china@acdbio.com咨询。
Generating B-lymphoblAStoid cell lines using Epstein Barr virus transformation.
Generating immortalized B-lymphoblAStoid cell lines via Epstein Barr virus transformation using the B95-8 EBV-infected and producing marmoset cell line.
克氏锥虫和ChagAS病 - Norma Andrews P1
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Norma Andrews (U. Maryland) Part 1: Trypanosoma cruzi and ChagAS’ DiseASe
Lecture overview:
Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania are closely related intracellular protozoan parASites that cause serious diseASes throughout the world. In the first part of this lecture, I will present background material on the biology of Trypanosoma cruzi and the history of its discovery AS an important agent of human diseASe in Latin America. I will also discuss the main characteristics of the diseASe, and the current efforts to stop human transmission.
In the second part of this lecture, I will present background material on Leishmania, the intracellular protozoan parASites responsible for severe human pathology in several parts of the world. I will discuss the main diseASe forms, the history of identification of the causative agent and form of transmission, and recent discoveries that established important concepts in our understanding of this increASingly serious infectious diseASe.
In the third part of this lecture, I will discuss current work from our laboratory on mechanisms used by the intracellular parASites Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania to interact with mammalian cells. In addition to clarifying specific molecular strategies used by these parASites to infect and survive within host cells, these studies also led, in some instances, to unexpected insights on novel pathways regulating mammalian cell function.
Speaker bio:
Norma Andrews is currently a Professor and Chair of the Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics at the University of Maryland. She received a B.S. degree in biology (1977) and a Ph.D. degree in biochemistry (1983) from the University of São Paulo, Brazil.
In 1990, after completing postdoctoral studies in the laboratory of Victor Nussenzweig at New York University, she wAS appointed ASsistant Professor at Yale University where she remained until 2010.
Andrews wAS a Burroughs Wellcome New Investigator, a Burroughs Wellcome Molecular ParASitology Scholar and recipient of a NIH MERIT Award. Her laboratory hAS made numerous contributions to the cell biology of host-pathogen interactions, and discoveries in this area have led to the identification and functional characterization of a novel pathway of Ca2+-regulated lysosomal exocytosis in mammalian cells.
细菌交流通过群感效应 - Bonnie BASsler P1
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Bonnie BASsler (Princeton) Part 1: Bacterial Communication via Quorum Sensing
Bacteria, primitive single-celled organisms, communicate with chemical languages that allow them to synchronize their behavior and thereby act AS enormous multi-cellular organisms. This process is called quorum sensing and it enables bacteria to successfully infect and cause diseASe in plants, animals, and humans. Investigations of the molecular mechanisms underlying quorum sensing are leading to the development of novel strategies to interfere with quorum sensing. These strategies form the bASis of new therapies to be used AS antibiotics. See more at http://www.ibioseminars.org
霍乱弧菌群体感应和新型抗生素 - Bonnie BASsler P2
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Bonnie BASsler (Princeton) Part 2: Vibrio Cholerae Quorum Sensing and Novel Antibiotics
Bacteria, primitive single-celled organisms, communicate with chemical languages that allow them to synchronize their behavior and thereby act AS enormous multi-cellular organisms. This process is called quorum sensing and it enables bacteria to successfully infect and cause diseASe in plants, animals, and humans. Investigations of the molecular mechanisms underlying quorum sensing are leading to the development of novel strategies to interfere with quorum sensing. These strategies form the bASis of new therapies to be used AS antibiotics. See more at http://www.ibioseminars.org