中国慢性肝病患者
一线药物耐药案例研讨会第二期
赛默飞于2021年7月成功举办了肝病患者一线药物耐药临床真实案例研讨会第一期，围绕了“耐药临床案例、Sanger测序技术”等议题展开深入探讨，获得了同行业者的高度肯定，继7月成功上线第一期后，于10月21日迎来了研讨会第二期。
在核苷和核苷酸类药物(NAs)治疗慢性乙型肝炎过程中，耐药是一个极为重要的问题。同时Sanger测序技术是肝病耐药检测和分型的金标准方法，可以同时发现乙肝病毒基因的已知突变和未知突变，还能准确的检测出多个指南报道的耐药位点，随着药物的发展更新，在真实临床中耐药发生的情况有什么改变呢？Sanger 测序技术在耐药监督中又起什么作用？
在本次研讨会上，我们很荣幸邀请到了中山大学附属第三医院 林炳亮教授担任会议主持，同时还邀请了青海省第四人民医院 祖红梅主任，北京佑安医院 侯维主任，中山大学附属第三医院 李向永主任 及上海曙光医院 吕佳主任 担任讲师，就肝病患者耐药的真实发生案例分享及研究进展展开学术讨论，诚挚邀您共享盛会。
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肠道微生态与肝病专题论坛暨2021（第七届）肠道微生态与健康国际研讨会会前会
人体肠道内寄生着大量的微生物，并对人体的代谢、免疫、发育等多种生理过程发挥重要的调节作用。在多种慢性肝病的发展过程中都伴随着肠道菌群的改变。一方面，肝脏疾病的发生可以影响肠道菌群的组成。比如，乙肝病毒的感染可以延缓肠道菌群的定植和成熟。另一方面，肠道菌群也能反过来影响肝脏疾病的发展。比如，当肠道菌群失衡时，肠道的通透性发生改变，肠道菌群能向肝脏内移位，抑制肝脏免疫，不利于乙肝病毒的清除。此外，肠道菌群在自身免疫性肝病、代谢性肝病、酒精性肝病的发生发展过程中都发挥这重要的作用。粪菌移植可以促进慢性乙型肝炎患者HBeAg抗原的下降，还可用于治疗肝性脑病。
因此，本论坛特邀华中科技大学附属协和医院王俊忠博士，围绕”肠道微生态与肝病“的最新前沿研究进行精彩分享！
Abstract
Approximately a trillion microbial cells colonize the mammalian intestine; these are collectively termed gut microbiota. Gut microbiota play a critical role in many physiological and pathological processes, influencing host immunity and metabolism. Gut dysbiosis is related to not only intestinal but also extra-intestinal diseases, including nervous system, respiratory, cardiovascular system, and liver diseases.
The liver is the largest internal organ and gland in the human body, which receives blood both from the portal vein and hepatic artery. Therefore, the liver is exposed to gut microbes as well as their metabolites and products. Previous studies showed that live commensal bacteria can be sampled by intestinal dendritic cells (DC) and transferred to the liver through the lymphatic route or portal vein. In healthy mice, the liver can act as a second firewall in which Kupffer cells can capture and clean commensal bacteria from the systemic vasculature. The healthy liver can maintain sterility by removing not only live commensal bacteria but also microbial metabolites and products.
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is related to chronic liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, chronic hepatitis B and C, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In mice, gut microbiota depletion was found to impair the HBV-specific T cell response and prolong HBV infection. In patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis, the gut microbiota community and metabolism mediated by the gut microbiota was significantly changed when compared with healthy controls. Reconstitution of the gut microbiota using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) facilitated hepatitis B virus e-antigen (HBeAg) clearance in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B after long-term antiviral therapy. FMT is also a potent therapy strategy for hepatic encephalopathy.