端粒和端粒酶的作用 - Elizabeth Blackburn P1
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Elizabeth Blackburn (UCSF) Part 1: The Roles of Telomeres and Telomerase
Lecture Overview
Telomerase, a specialized ribonucleprotein reverse transcriptase, is important for long-term eukaryotic cell proliferation and genomic stability, because it replenishes the DNA at telomeres. Thus depending on cell type telomerase partially or completely (depending on cell type) counteracts the progressive shortening of telomeres that otherwise occurs. Telomerase is highly active in many human malignancies, and a potential target for anti-cancer approaches. Furthermore, recent collaborative studies have shown the relationship between accelerated telomere shortening and life stress and that low telomerase levels are associated with six prominent risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
端粒和端粒酶在人类干细胞和癌症中的作用 - Elizabeth Blackburn P2
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Elizabeth Blackburn (UCSF) Part 2: Telomeres and Telomerase in Human Stem Cells and in Cancer
Telomerase, a specialized ribonucleprotein reverse transcriptase, is important for long-term eukaryotic cell proliferation and genomic stability, because it replenishes the DNA at telomeres. Thus depending on cell type telomerase partially or completely (depending on cell type) counteracts the progressive shortening of telomeres that otherwise occurs. Telomerase is highly active in many human malignancies, and a potential target for anti-cancer approaches. Furthermore, recent collaborative studies have shown the relationship between accelerated telomere shortening and life stress and that low telomerase levels are associated with six prominent risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
鞠振宇：端粒DNA损伤与细胞能量代谢之间的关系
提到了老龄化危机，介绍了一些衰老的分子机制，提到了端粒与衰老相关疾病。提到了高血压患者的端粒长度显著缩短。提到了端粒的特点及作用。介绍了造血干细胞衰老的表现。提到了端粒缩短导致衰老的分子机制及相关血清标记物。还介绍了一系列相关的研究。
松阳洲：端粒在衰老和人类疾病的信号网络
介绍了基因组的稳定性，端粒的相关作用和稳定性和衰老的相关性。端粒是人体内的衰老时钟。介绍了TIN2对端粒功能的调控模型。介绍了TIN2蛋白链接的两大假说。介绍了基于crispr/cas9技术快速制备基因修饰小鼠的流程。
高维强：前列腺癌异质性的新认识：端粒酶活性、肿瘤干细胞及细胞分裂模式的作用
介绍了在半数胃癌肿瘤患者突变的p53基因，肿瘤异质性的形成机制。肿瘤干细胞治疗策略，提到了肿瘤干细胞的特性及研究手段，临床前列腺癌符合肿瘤干细胞理论、介绍了端粒酶的研究背景和最新进展，提到了与衰老相关的重要概念。端粒酶与前列腺干细胞分裂模式及前列腺癌恶化。