端粒和端粒酶在人类干细胞和癌症中的作用 - Elizabeth Blackburn P2
本视频由科普中国和生物医学大讲堂出品
Elizabeth Blackburn (UCSF) Part 2: Telomeres and Telomerase in Human Stem Cells and in Cancer
Telomerase, a specialized ribonucleprotein reverse transcriptase, is important for long-term eukaryotic cell proliferation and genomic stability, because it replenishes the DNA at telomeres. Thus depending on cell type telomerase partially or completely (depending on cell type) counteracts the progressive shortening of telomeres that otherwise occurs. Telomerase is highly active in many human malignancies, and a potential target for anti-cancer approaches. Furthermore, recent collaborative studies have shown the relationship between accelerated telomere shortening and life stress and that low telomerase levels are associated with six prominent risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
朱宝利：名词概念和人类微生物组计划简介-第1段
介绍了“元基因组学（Metagenomics）”，“宏基因组（Megagenomics）”等名词的概念和区别，人类微生物组计划的研究历史，常见疾病如粉刺、哮喘、湿疹、心理疾病，与肠道微生物菌群之间的关系。
朱宝利：肠道微生物对人类健康的意义-第4段
介绍了肠道微生物在人类健康中扮演的角色，产生维生素、调控新陈代谢和储存营养、帮助消化吸；如何保护人体健康，与病原微生物竞争资源、产生抗生素、改变人体外环境等内容……
人类彩色视觉及其变异性的研究
Jeremy Nathans (Johns Hopkins) Part 2: Human Color Vision and its Variations
In this set of lectures, Jeremy Nathans explores the molecular mechanisms within the retina that mediate the first steps in vision. The second lecture focuses on the photoreceptors that mediate human color vision and the molecular basis for the common inherited anomalies of color vision. See more at http://www.ibioseminars.org
人类三色视觉的进化过程
Jeremy Nathans (Johns Hopkins) Part 3: The Evolution of Trichromatic Color Vision
In this set of lectures, Jeremy Nathans explores the molecular mechanisms within the retina that mediate the first steps in vision. The third lecture describes recent work on the evolution of trichromatic color vision in humans and our primate relatives. See more athttp://www.ibioseminars.orgs
细胞囊泡萌芽与人类健康
Randy Schekman (Berkeley) Part 3: Human Diseases of Vesicle Budding
Human COPII genes are duplicated and some may have evolved specialized functions. Two rare human diseases affect the activity of one of two copies of Sar1 and the Sec23A subunit of the COPII coat. Anderson's disease results in the failure of enterocytes of the absorptive epithelium to secrete large lipoprotein particles called chylomicrons. Point mutations in one of two copies of Sar1 results in the accumulation of chylomicrons in the ER. CLSD, a rare craniofacial disorder likely due to the selective failure of secretion of certain connective tissue proteins such as collagen, is caused by a conservative amino acid substitution in Sec23A that blocks completion of COPII coat assembly. See more athttp://www.ibioseminars.org
从多能干细胞到神经元和星形胶质细胞—模拟人类神经系统疾病
从人类多能干细胞(hPSCs)衍生的成熟神经元和神经胶质细胞，已成为对神经系统的发展和疾病研究的一个生理学相关模型。这些细胞的推导已超过了“概念验证”的阶段，并正在改变研究人员构建疾病模型和药物研发的方法。本网络研讨会将探讨学习如何从正常和患病的iPS细胞，生成脑型神经元、多巴胺能神经元和星形胶质细胞。Xianmin Zeng博士将介绍如何在毒理学研究和帕金森氏病的机制行动研究中成功地使用生成的神经元和胶质细胞。
人类主宰世界的生物多样性丧失
在她的第一次谈话，Hadly博士解释说，不断增长的人口导致了全球生物多样性的一个惊人的损失。今天，51%的土地面积已被转换为人类使用和保护的土地面积小，正变得越来越分离。这些萎缩的“岛”保护地支持较少的物种隔离的小种群显示增加的近交和减少的遗传多样性，使他们更容易崩溃。气候变化加剧了这种生物多样性的丧失通过迫使动物迁移和向他们介绍新的物种和疾病。说明她没有受到威胁的人口的故事讲以及那些已经成功反弹。